Lithuania stands out as one of Ukraine’s most ardent supporters – not only at the governmental level, but also through extensive civil society engagement. Dozens of Lithuanian volunteers and organisations are actively delivering humanitarian aid and medical support to Ukraine – often at personal risk.

What motivates these people and what is the end goal of their sustained involvement?

Drawing on survey data, fieldwork and interviews, this talk introduces the concept of ‘empathic fighting’ to capture the motivation behind Lithuanian support for Ukraine. Many Lithuanians are driven by a form of rational empathy – a clear understanding shaped by their own historical experiences of Soviet repression, forced russification, and the struggle for independence. Their support is both an expression of solidarity and a commitment to defending their own country’s freedom and future.

This perspective challenges common views: Empathy is not solely emotional but can arise from political awareness and historical context. Likewise, fighting does not always mean military action – it can take the form of civic engagement, solidarity and humanitarian aid. The Lithuanian example provides valuable insights into how civil society in the Baltic states reacts to challenges to European security, and how small-scale yet focused action can influence international conflict.